Chemotherapy

Rabacfosadine

By M. Younus, BVSc, MVSc, SKUAST-K

Rabacfosadine( guanine nucleotide analogue).

  • FDA approved for use in dogs for treatment of lymphoma.

MOA:

  • Rabacfosadine accumulates mainly in lymphoid cells and Inhibits DNA polymerase.Thus inhibits DNA synthesis.

Effects:

  • Cell apoptosis.

Side effects:

  •  Neutropenia. 
  •  Diarrhea.
  •  Anorexia. 
  •  Weight loss.
  •  Lethargy. 
  •   Skin problems.

Species:

  • Dog.

Indication:

  •  B cell Lymphoma.
  •  Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)
  •  Canine cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
  •  Spontaneous canine multiple myeloma.
  •  Naive canine multicentric lymphoma.
  •  Relapsed canine B-cell lymphoma.

Dose:

  • 1 mg/kg IV infusion for 30minutes once every three weeks X 5 treatments.

Contraindication:

  •  Pulmonary fibrosis.
  •  History of chronic pulmonary disease that could lead to fibrosis, such as chronic bronchitis. 
  •  West Highland White Terriers who have genetic predisposition for development of pulmonary fibrosis. 
  •  Use cautiously in other terrier breeds who are at risk for development of pulmonary fibrosis.
  •  Pregnant animals, Lactating animals, or  animals intended for breeding. 

Brands:

  • TANOVEA-CA1 3ml inj vial ( Vet DC  Elanco U.S.A).

Composition: Each ml contains16.4 mg of rabacfosadine.

Cytarabine

By M. Younus, BVSc, MVSc, SKUAST-K

Cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside) .

  • Anti cancer agent.

MOA:

  • Exact mechanism of cytarabine is not known. Probably it inhibits DNA synthesis.

Effects:

  • Cell division is halted.

Side effects:

  • Bone marrow suppression.  
  • Vomiting and nausea.

Species:

  • Dog and Cat.

Indication:

  • lymphoma and leukemia . 

Dose:

  • 100 mg/m2 OD, or 50 mg/m2 BD  IV, SC× 4 days  in dogs.
  • 100 mg/m2 OD IV, SC ×2day in cats.
  • The dose is repeated at three-week intervals for 8-12 months.

Contraindication:

  • Hypersensitivity.
  • Should be used with caution in pets having liver problem, kidney problem or bone marrow problem.

Brands: 

Available as Human brands:

  • Arasid 100mg/ 500mg inj vial( Intas India).
  • Cytabin 100mg/ 500mg inj vial( Zydus Cadila Health Care India).
  • Cytosar 100mg/ 500mg inj vial( Pfizer India).
  • Biobin 100mg/ 500mg inj vial( Biochem India).
  • Cytarine 100mg/ 500mg inj vial( Dabur Pharma India).

Verdinexor

By M. Younus, BVSc, MVSc, SKUAST-K

Verdinexor ( anti lymphoma)

  • Approved for Dogs.

MOA:

  •    Verdinexor is a reversible, selective inhibitor of CRM1-mediated nuclear export (SINE) that specifically blocks Chromosome Region Maintenance 1 (CRM1, also known as XPO1). 
  • Verdinexor inhibits the export of Tumor Suppressor Proteins (TSP) and Growth Regulatory Proteins (GRP) from the nucleus where they carry out their normal functions.
  •  it is selectively cytotoxic for cells with genomic damage (i.e. for tumor cells).

Effects:

  • Regression of lymphoma.

Side effects: 

  • The most common adverse reactions in all dogs included: anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss and lethargy.

Species:

  • Dogs

Indication:

  •  Canine Lymphoma. 

Dose:

  • Initial dose of 1.25 mg/kg PO twice a week  for ist 2 weeks then 1.5mg/kg PO  twice a week.
  • Do not split or crush tablets.

Contraindication:

  • Pregnant animals
  • Breeding males.

Brands:

  • Laverdia-CA1 10mg/25mg/50mg tab( Dechra USA)

Composition: Each tab contains 10mg/25mg/50mg Verdinexor.